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Mariano Arista

Lifespan: (1802 – 1855)
Profession: Regular army officer and politician
Place of birth: San Luis Potosí

Biography

Mariano Arista (1802-1855) was born in the city of San Luis Potosí. He was president of the Republic (1851-1853). He enlisted as an army cadet at the age of fifteen in the Puebla Regiment. In June 1821 he joined the ‘Libertad’ battalion under Agustín de Iturbide.

Following the achievement of independence, Arista pursued his career in the army becoming involved in a number of engagements under the orders of Santa Anna. He fought in the Battle of Tulancingo of January 1828 against Nicolás Bravo’s rebel army.

The same year he participated in the Plan of Perote of September 1828 and accompanied Santa Anna as he went from Perote to Oaxaca, fighting the government troops that were sent after them under the orders of Manuel Rincón and, eventually, José María Calderón.

Arista was involved in a second pronunciamiento when he seconded the Plan of Gabriel Durán, issued in Tlalpan on 1 June 1833, with his own Plan of Huejotzingo of 8 June 1833, promising to defend the privileges of both Church and army, and calling for Santa Anna to be proclaimed Supreme Dictator.

Santa Anna opted to crush his pronunciamiento rather than use it to become a dictator, and pursued Arista to Guanajuato where the rebels were routed on 7 October 1833.

That November, and as a result of his involvement in the pronunciamiento of Huejotzingo, Brigadier General Arista was exiled to the United States of America from where he returned following the triumph of the 1834 Plan de Cuernavaca. Albeit estranged from Santa Anna ever since, they joined forces during the French Pastry War (1838-39) at the Battle of Veracruz of 5 December 1838, in which Arista was taken prisoner by the French expeditionary army. Once the French Pastry War was over, Arista served as Commander General of Tamaulipas in 1839 and participated in the attempts that were made in 1842 to re-conquer Texas. At the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846-48) he was given the command of the Northern Army and was defeated at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de Guerrero of 8-9 May 1846, for which he was subsequently court-martialled. He withdrew to Matamoros handing over command to General Francisco Mejía. In the aftermath of the war and following the rise of the moderados to power, Arista served as minister of war under General José Joaquín de Herrera (1848-51), before being elected president in 1850, a post he took up on 8 January 1851. As president he made a vain attempt to reform the Republic’s financial affairs and the army. He renounced the presidency on 6 January 1853 after Congress refused to grant him emergency powers. Retiring from power he established himself in Seville. Arista died in 1855 and in 1856 the Government of General Ignacio Comonfort declared him a national hero by the Decree of 26 January 1856. Arista’s Proyecto para el arreglo del Ejército was published in Mexico in 1848.

Leader of
Manifiesto del general en jefe del Ejército del Norte (23 August 1841; Monterrey, Nuevo León)
Actas firmadas en Camargo por el sexto regimiento (16 September 1841; Camargo, Chihuahua)

Author of
Pronunciamiento del Ejército del Norte y manifiesto del general Mariano Arista (22 September 1841; Monterrey, Nuevo León)

Signatory of
Plan de Perote (16 September 1828; Perote, Veracruz)
Convenio firmado entre los generales Santa Anna y Anastasio Bustamante (11 December 1832; Puente de México, Puebla)
Convenio que dio fin al levantamiento de las villas del norte (8 November 1840; Camargo, Chihuahua)

Author and signatory of
Convenio de Zavaleta (23 December 1832; Hacienda de Zavaleta, Puebla)

Leader and author of
Plan de Huejotzingo (8 June 1833; Huejotzingo, Puebla)