The Pronunciamiento in Independent Mexico

Sumergida la república mexicana en el caos más espantoso de confusión y desorden a que la han sujetado las medidas violentas con que los cuerpos legislativos han llenado este periodo de sangre y lágrimas, desplegando los atentados de una demagogia absoluta sobre la destrucción de la carta fundamental que tantos sacrificios ha costado, es indispensable manifestar expresamente la realidad de los votos que emiten los pueblos, para que se apliquen remedios exactos y positivos que basten a calmar los males y a destruir la existencia de las logias masónicas, que producen el germen de las divisiones intestinas.

Considerando igualmente que el espíritu de reclamación es general y unísono en todos los ángulos de la república, y que para expresar este concepto a que da lugar la conducta de las legislaturas, no es necesario pormenorizar hechos que por su misma naturaleza han producido la dislocación general de todos los vínculos sociales; la villa de Cuernavaca, animada de las más sanas intenciones, y con el deseo de abrir una nueva era, echando un velo a los acontecimientos pasados, manifiesta libre y espontáneamente sus votos por medio de los artículos siguientes:

Art. 1˚. Que su voluntad está en abierta repugnancia con las leyes y decretos de proscripción de personas, las que se han dictado sobre reformas religiosas, la tolerancia de las sectas masónicas y con todas las demás disposiciones que traspasan los límites prescritos en la constitución general y en las particulares de los estados.

Art. 2˚. Que es conforme a esta misma voluntad y al consentimiento del pueblo, que no pudiendo funcionar el congreso general y legislaturas particulares, sino en virtud de las facultades que les prescriben sus respectivas constituciones, todas las leyes y providencias que han dictado saliéndose notoriamente fuera de aquel círculo, deben declararse nulas, de ningún valor ni efecto, y como si hubieran emanado de alguna persona privada.

Art. 3˚. Que el pueblo reclama respetuosamente la protección de estas bases justas y legales el Excmo. Sr. presidente de la republica don Antonio López de Santa Anna, como única autoridad que hoy se halla en la posibilidad de dispensarla.

Art. 4˚. El pueblo declara, que no han correspondido a su confianza los diputados que han tomado parte en la sanción de las leyes y decretos referidos; y espera que así ellos, como los demás funcionarios que se han obstinado en llevar adelante las resoluciones de esta clase, se separen de sus puestos y no intervengan ni en contra ni en favor de esta manifestación hasta que la nación representada de nuevo, se reorganice conforme a la Constitución, y del modo más conveniente a su felicidad.

Art. 5˚. Que para sostenimiento de las providencias que dicte el Excmo. Sr. presidente, de conformidad con las ideas que van expresadas, se le ofrece la eficaz cooperación de la fuerza que tiene aquí reunida.

Estos artículos han sido proclamados por el pueblo en masa, y otorgados por la junta que al efecto se ha celebrado por el ayuntamiento y principales vecinos de esta villa; por lo que se da cuenta inmediatamente al Excmo. Sr. primer magistrado de la república, para que este plan obre sus efectos en su superior conocimiento.

Cuernavaca, 25 de mayo de 1834.

Excmo. Sr. Ignacio Echeverría

José Mariano Campos, secretario

Context

The radical congress of 1833-34 displayed from its inception a marked anticlerical agenda. Between 12 June and 6 November 1833 it proposed and passed a whole array of highly controversial laws. The following deserve a mention: 12 June: The staff of Mexico City town council (which was still composed of politicians who had been named by Bustamante) were replaced with their 1829 predecessors; 23 June: The Ley del Caso expelled from the republic fifty-one politicians whose views were considered to be unpatriotic (including General Bustamante); 17 August: The missions in California were secularised; 31 August: Church property belonging to the missionaries from the Philippines was expropriated; 14 October: The ecclesiastical Colegio de Santa María de Todos los Santos was shut down; 18 October: The properties of the Philippine and San Camilo missionaries were placed on auction to the general public; 19 October: The Catholic and church-dominated University of Mexico was shut down; 21 October: The closed university was replaced by a (secular) Dirección General de Instrucción Pública; 24 October: The closed Colegio de Santa María de todos los Santos was to become a national library; 24 October: The Dirección General de Instrucción Pública was to be financed through the expropriation of the following church properties: the Monastery and Church of San Camilo, the Hospital and Church of Jesús, the Hospital de Belén, the Asylum of the Poor of Santo Tomás, the Old Inquisition building, and the Monastery and Church of the Espíritu Santo; 27 October: The civil obligation to pay diezmos (tithes to the Church) was abolished; 3 November: the 16 May 1831 Law that granted the church the right to nominate its priests, bishops, and archbishops was abolished; 6 November: The civil obligation to take ecclesiastical vows was abolished. The 1833 Escalada-Durán-Arista pronunciamiento cycle had already shown that there were high-ranking officers who were virulently opposed to Congress’ measures and believed in defending church and military privileges. Nicolás Bravo’s Plan of Conciliation or Chichihualco of 2 December 1833 had actually called for the summoning of a new congress. As can be seen in this and the 200+ pronunciamientos that were launched in 1834, Congress’ anticlericalism proved intensely unpopular, provoking the largest number of recorded pronunciamientos in the nineteenth century. The fact that in the first months of 1834 Congress directed its attention to reforming the regular army inevitably inspired most army officers to join the cycle that was unleashed by this pronunciamiento: the Plan of Cuernavaca of 25 May 1834.

In terms of how the events unfolded: Santa Anna returned to Mexico City from his retirement in his hacienda Manga de Clavo on 24 April 1834. He challenged some of the measures being discussed by Congress, but did not resort to force immediately. It was clear, however, that he was going to take action. As he stated in a Manifesto he issued on 29 April, he was not the servile supporter of the disorganising plans of the demagogues. The nation had elected him president to “contain or moderate precipitated decisions or excessive passion.” He promised to defend religion, liberty, security, and all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution. He was against the “rigours of tyranny in the same way that [he was] opposed to the exterminating excesses of an ill-understood liberty.” His main concern lay in the impact “the immature introduction of [certain] reforms” was having on the country. Congress’ response was to ignore Santa Anna’s summons to meet on 21 May. The time for action had come. Santa Anna’s loyal informer, propagandist, and former Minister of War, José María Tornel went to Cuernavaca with his brother-in-law, Miguel Diez Bonilla, and drafted the plan that was proclaimed on 25 May 1834, calling for “Religion, the fueros, and Santa Anna” and demanding a reversal of Congress’s policies. According to the plan’s five articles, in response to the “atrocious chaos, confusion and disorder” the country was in as a direct result of the legislature’s behaviour, its advocates wanted to ensure that (1) all decrees issued against individuals (the Ley del Caso) and the Church, and in favour of Masonic sects were abolished; (2) all laws that violated the constitution and the general will were reversed; (3) Santa Anna be given the authority to execute these demands; (4) all deputies who favoured these deeply unpopular reforms were removed from office and replaced by others following the corresponding procedures specified in the 1824 Constitution; and (5) that Santa Anna would have those forces that defended the plan at his service to ensure that it was executed accordingly. Tornel, albeit not mentioned by name in the actual plan, played a major role in co-ordinating the outpouring of support for the Pronunciamiento of Cuernavaca that followed its proclamation, from a wide range of garrisons. According to an embittered José María Luis Mora, Tornel pulled this off by promising “mountains of gold to those that proclaimed, protected or even just accepted” the Plan of Cuernavaca. Having said this, the Plan of Cuernavaca was popular. The mobilisation that took place was such that it would be hard to believe that the fall of the radical 1833-34 administration was entirely Tornel and Santa Anna’s doing. Evidently there were those who believed this shift in the country’s politics was entirely Santa Anna’s fault. Nevertheless, the evidence does point towards a broader consensus of rejection. Large sections of the population as well as the army were not yet ready to embrace Congress’s radical attack on Church and army. There was no instance of a garrison who opposed the Plan, and the 316 plans of allegiance it received between May and August 1834 included a high proportion of civilian-led groupings (such as town councils, municipalities, and regional councils).Following the Plan of Cuernavaca, Santa Anna gave himself extraordinary powers, closed down Congress, dismissed Gómez Farías and his advisors, and set about reversing most of the laws passed by the radical Congress.

Notes

José María Bocanegra, Memorias para la historia de México independiente. 1822-1846. Vol. 2 (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1987), pp. 573-574.

Transcribed by Natasha Picôt and Revised by Will Fowler

Original document double-checked by Germán Martínez Martínez on 09/02/2009. Colección Josefina Z. Vázquez/Planes y Documentos, 1834, Archivo Histórico del Colegio de México, Caja 9.

Participants (2):

Signatory role:

Ignacio Echeverría

Secretary and signatory role:

José Mariano Campos

Related pronunciamientos

Child pronunciamientos

Plan de Huitzuco (reactive, supporting)
27 May 1834 ; Huitzuco, Guerrero
Acta del pueblo de Iguala (reactive, supporting)
27 May 1834 ; Iguala, Guerrero
Acta del ayuntamiento, el cura y el vecindario del pueblo de Tepecoacuilco (reactive, supporting)
29 May 1834 ; Tepecoacuilco, Guerrero
Acta del ayuntamiento de la villa de Ixtlahuaca (reactive, supporting)
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Acta del pueblo de Tenancingo (reactive, supporting)
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Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Tecualoya (reactive, supporting)
1 June 1834 ; Tecualoya, Nayarit
Acta del cura párroco y los vecinos del pueblo de Huezotla (reactive, supporting)
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Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Malinalco (reactive, supporting)
2 June 1834 ; Malinalco, Estado de México
Pronunciamiento libre del pueblo de Teotitlán (reactive, supporting)
2 June 1834 ; Teotitlán, Oaxaca
Acta de la guarnición y vecinos de la ciudad de Colima (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; Colima, Colima
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Joquicingo (reactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; Joquicingo, Estado de México
Acta del pueblo de Teotihuacán (reactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; Teotihuacán, Estado de México
Acta de la parroquia de Santa Catarina Mártir (reactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de San Juan Aquixtla (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; San Juan Aquixtla, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos del pueblo de Otumba (reactive, supporting)
3 June 1834 ; Otumba, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento de Apam (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Apam, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Totolapan (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Totolapan, Morelos
Acta del ayuntamiento y ciudadanos del pueblo de Todos Santos Zempoala (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Zempoala, Hidalgo
Acta de Tulancingo (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Tulancingo, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Chalco (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Chalco, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento de Santa María Ozumba (reactive, supporting)
4 June 1834 ; Santa María Ozumba, Estado de México
Acta del pueblo de Jiutepec (reactive, supporting)
5 June 1834 ; Jiutepec, Morelos
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Azcapotzalco (reactive, supporting)
5 June 1834 ; Azcapotzalco, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Maravatío (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
5 June 1834 ; Maravatío, Michoacán
Acta del ayuntamiento de Iguala (reactive, supporting)
6 June 1834 ; Iguala, Guerrero
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de Santa Ana, Monte Alto (reactive, supporting)
6 June 1834 ; Santa Ana de Monte Alto, Estado de México
Acta de Tlalmanalco (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
6 June 1834 ; Tlalmanalco, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de la ciudad de Tepeaca (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
6 June 1834 ; Tepeaca, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento de Santiago Chicnahuapan (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
6 June 1834 ; Santiago Chignahuapan, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Santa María Tultepec (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Santa María Tultepec, Cuautitlán, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento de Ayotzingo (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Ayotzingo, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Salvador Atenco (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; San Salvador Atenco, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Tenango Tepopola (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Tenango Tepopola, Estado de México
Acta del ayuntamiento de Contepec (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Contepec, Michoacán
Acta de Santo Domingo Xochitepec (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Santo Domingo Xochitepec, Morelos
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos del pueblo de Ixtapaluca (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Ixtapaluca, Estado de México
Acta de Ameca (reactive, supporting)
7 June 1834 ; Ameca, Chalco, Estado de México
Acta de Cadereyta (reactive, supporting)
8 June 1834 ; Cadereyta, Querétaro
Acta de San Juan del Río (reactive, supporting)
8 June 1834 ; San Juan del Río, Querétaro
Acta del ayuntamiento, cura y juez del Mineral de Cimapán (reactive, supporting)
8 June 1834 ; Mineral de Zimapán, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento de Santo Domingo Mixcoac (reactive, supporting)
9 June 1834 ; Santo Domingo Mixcoac, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento de Atotonilco el Grande (reactive, supporting)
9 June 1834 ; Atotonilco el Grande, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento de Tacubaya (reactive, supporting)
9 June 1834 ; Tacubaya, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo de San Pedro Tolimán (reactive, supporting)
10 June 1834 ; San Pedro Tolimán, Querétaro
Acta del ayuntamiento de la villa de Santiago de Querétaro (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
10 June 1834 ; Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro
Acta del ayuntamiento, cura párroco y vecinos de la villa de Tacuba (reactive, supporting)
10 June 1834 ; Tacuba, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Agustín Tlaxco (reactive, supporting)
11 June 1834 ; San Agustín Tlaxco, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento del Mineral de Pachuca (reactive, supporting)
11 June 1834 ; Mineral de Pachuca, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento de Celaya (reactive, supporting)
11 June 1834 ; Celaya, Guanajuato
Acta de los oficiales de la división de la villa de Irapuato (reactive, supporting)
11 June 1834 ; Irapuato, Guanajuato
Acta de Huascasaloya (reactive, supporting)
11 June 1834 ; Huascasaloya, Hidalgo
Pronunciamiento de los barrios principales y suburbios de Guadalajara (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
12 June 1834 ; Guadalajara, Jalisco
Acta de adhesión de la villa de Salamanca (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; Salamanca, Guanajuato
Acta de artesanos del cuartel 30 de la Ciudad de México (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta de San Francisco Soyaniquilpan (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; San Francisco Soyaniquilpan, Chihuahua
Acta de individuos reunidos en el templo de San Agustín (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta de la parroquia de Santa Catarina Mártir (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento de Huachinango (reactive, supporting)
13 June 1834 ; Huachinango, Veracruz
Acta del jefe, oficiales y sargentos del batallón de la milicia cívica de León de los Aldamas (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; León de los Aldamas, Guanajuato
Acta del ayuntamiento y subprefecto del pueblo de Zinapécuaro (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; Zinapécuaro, Michoacán
Acta de los vecinos del convento de San Francisco y provincia del Santo Evangelio (reactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Pronunciamiento del ayuntamiento de la ciudad federal (reactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta del Colegio de San Pedro y vecinos de la parroquia de Belén (reactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta de una parte de la ciudad de México (reactive, supporting)
14 June 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento del pueblo y municipalidad de San Juan Jonotla (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 June 1834 ; San Juan Jonotla, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y el subprefecto del pueblo de la Piedad (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 June 1834 ; Piedad de Michoacán, Michoacán
Acta del ayuntamiento y del cura de San Martín Tucamapan (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 June 1834 ; San Martín Tucamapan, Puebla
Acta de San Juan Bautista Acatlán (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 June 1834 ; San Juan Bautista Acatlán, Puebla
Acta del estado de Guanajuato (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
18 June 1834 ; Guanajuato, Guanajuato
Acta del ayuntamiento de Santa Ana Tianguistengo (reactive, supporting)
19 June 1834 ; Santa Ana Tianguistengo, Hidalgo
Pronunciamiento de la guarnición del estado de Oaxaca (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
19 June 1834 ; Oaxaca, Oaxaca
Acta del pronunciamiento en la villa de Etla (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
19 June 1834 ; Etla, Oaxaca
Acta del ayuntamiento, cura párroco y vecinos de la Purísima Concepción de los Catorce (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
20 June 1834 ; Purísima Concepción de los Catorce, San Luis Potosí
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Matamoros (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
20 June 1834 ; Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Acta de la guarnición de Michoacán (reactive, supporting)
20 June 1834 ; Morelia, Michoacán
Acta de jefes y oficiales de la milicia cívica que componen la guarnición de Matamoros (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
20 June 1834 ; Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Acta de jefes y oficiales de la milicia cívica de la ciudad de Guanajuato (reactive, supporting)
21 June 1834 ; Guanajuato, Guanajuato
Acta de la reunión de vecinos del barrio de Analco (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
22 June 1834 ; Analco, Oaxaca
Acta de jefes y oficiales de la 2a sección de operaciones de Tehuantepec (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
26 June 1834 ; Tehuantepec, Oaxaca
Acta del ayuntamiento y cura de Molango (reactive, supporting)
29 June 1834 ; Molango, Hidalgo
Representación de los jefes y tropa de la milicia cívica de Chihuahua (reactive, supporting)
30 June 1834 ; Chihuahua, Chihuahua
Acta del ayuntamiento, vecinos y autoridades civiles y militares de Tenancingo (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
3 July 1834 ; Tenancingo, Estado de México
Acta de adhesión de la ciudad de Colima y manifestación de cambio de autoridades (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
3 July 1834 ; Colima, Colima
Acta del ayuntamiento, subprefecto, juez, cura y vecinos en la ciudad de Morelos (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 July 1834 ; Ciudad Morelos, Baja California
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Cristóbal de Colima (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 July 1834 ; San Cristóbal de Colima, Colima
Acta del ayuntamiento de Xalpantepec (reactive, supporting)
6 July 1834 ; Xalpantepec, Puebla
Acta de Santo Domingo Ocotlán (reactive, supporting)
7 July 1834 ; Ocotlán, Jalisco
Acta del ayuntamiento y el subprefecto de Guadalcazar (reactive, supporting)
7 July 1834 ; Guadalcazar, San Luis Potosí
Acta de los vecinos del pueblo de Todos Santos (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
7 July 1834 ; Todos Santos, Baja California
Acta del ayuntamiento de Ciudad del Venado (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
8 July 1834 ; Ciudad del Venado, San Luis Potosí
Acta del ayuntamiento de Joquizingo (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
8 July 1834 ; Joquizingo, México D.F.
Manifiesto del estado de San Luis Potosí (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
10 July 1834 ; San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
Acta del partido de San Juan Teotihuacán (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
12 July 1834 ; San Juan Teotihuacán, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de la villa de San Juan de Guadalupe (reactive, supporting)
12 July 1834 ; San Juan de Guadalupe, Durango
Acta del ayuntamiento de Acámbaro (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Acámbaro, Guanajuato
Acta de los jefes y oficiales de la guarnición de Iguala (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Iguala, Guerrero
Acta del pronunciamiento de la villa de San Francisco de los Pozos (reactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; San Francisco de los Pozos, San Luis Potosí
Plan de Río Verde (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Río Verde, San Luis Potosí
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos del pueblo de Tomatlán (reactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Tomatlán, Jalisco
Acta del ayuntamiento de la villa de Ramos (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Villa de Ramos, San Luis Potosí
Acta de Ciudad Fernández (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Ciudad Fernández, San Luis Potosí
Acta del ayuntamiento, cura, empleados y vecindario de la villa de la Hedionda (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 July 1834 ; Villa de la Hedionda, San Luis Potosí
Acta de los vecinos de los barrios de Regina, Montserrat, San Miguel y Centro (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
14 July 1834 ; Regina, Montserrat, San Miguel, Centro, México D.F.
Acta de los vecinos del barrio de Belén (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
14 July 1834 ; Belén, México D.F.
Acta del ayuntamiento de Charcas (reactive, supporting)
14 July 1834 ; Charcas, San Luis Potosí
Acuerdo del ayuntamiento de Veracruz (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 July 1834 ; Veracruz, Veracruz
Acta de los ciudadanos de San Francisco (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 July 1834 ; San Francisco, México D.F.
Acta de los ciudadanos del barrio de Santa Cruz (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 July 1834 ; Santa Cruz, México D.F.
Acta de los ciudadanos del barrio de Santa Catarina Mártir (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
15 July 1834 ; Cuidad de Mexico, México D.F.
Acta del pueblo de Minatitlán (reactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; Minatitlán, Veracruz
Acta de la villa de Matehuala (reactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; Matehuala, San Luis Potosí
Acta de los ciudadanos de Santo Domingo (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; Ciudad de México, México D.F.
Acta de la guarnición de San Juan Bautista (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; San Juan Bautista, Tabasco
Acta del ayuntamiento de Morelia (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; Morelia, Michoacán
Acta en que ayuntamiento, cura, prefecto y vecinos del pueblo de Zacatlán (reactive, supporting)
16 July 1834 ; Zacatlán, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Tantoyuca (reactive, supporting)
17 July 1834 ; Tantoyuca, Veracruz
Acta del ayuntamiento de Morelia (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
17 July 1834 ; Morelia, Michoacán
Acta de San Marcos Eloxochitlán (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; San Marcos Eloxochitlán, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Andrés Tlallohualancingo (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; San Andrés Tlallohualancingo, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Francisco (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; San Francisco, Guerrero
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Antonio Tepanco (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; San Antonio Tepanco, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Jerónimo Guatepec (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; San Jerónimo Guatepec, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento de Santa Bárbara (reactive, supporting)
18 July 1834 ; Santa Bárbara, Puebla
Acta de Pungarabato (reactive, supporting)
19 July 1834 ; Pungarabato, Guerrero
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Mateo Tlalotepeque (reactive, supporting)
19 July 1834 ; San Mateo Tlalotepeque, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos principales de la ciudad de Leona Vicario (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
19 July 1834 ; Ciudad Leona Vicario, Coahuila
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Juan Almacatlan (reactive, supporting)
19 July 1834 ; San Juan Almacatlan, Puebla
Acta de jefes y oficiales de Tierra Caliente que se encuentran en Huetamo (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
21 July 1834 ; Huetamo, Michoacán
Acta del ayuntamiento, vecinos y el Colegio de Santa Catarina de Pátzcuaro (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
22 July 1834 ; Pátzcuaro, Michoacán
Acta del ayuntamiento, milicia cívica y vecindario de Matamoros (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
22 July 1834 ; Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Acta de los barrios El Alto, La Luz y Analco de la ciudad de Puebla (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
23 July 1834 ; Puebla, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de la villa de Lagunillas (reactive, supporting)
23 July 1834 ; Lagunillas, Nayarit
Acta del ayuntamiento de San Juan Bautista (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
24 July 1834 ; San Juan Bautista, Cuautla, Morelos
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de Chinameca (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
24 July 1834 ; Chinameca, Morelos
Acta del ayuntamiento y vecinos de San Martín Atercal (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
28 July 1834 ; San Martín Atercal, Puebla
Decreto del Congreso del Estado de Durango (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
29 July 1834 ; , Durango
Pronunciamiento de los ciudadanos de Durango (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
30 July 1834 ; Durango, Durango
Acta de los vecinos de Tepeji (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
30 July 1834 ; Tepeji, Hidalgo
Acta del ayuntamiento de Zacatlán (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
1 August 1834 ; Zacatlán, Puebla
Acta de los vecinos de Puebla de los Ángeles (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 August 1834 ; Puebla de los Ángeles, Puebla
Plan de Temapache (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 August 1834 ; Temapache, Veracruz
Acta del ayuntamiento y oficiales de Cocupao (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 August 1834 ; Cocupao, Michoacán
Acta de la parroquia de San José de Puebla (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
5 August 1834 ; San José, Puebla
Acta del ayuntamiento, cura, comandante, autoridades y vecinos de Tlapa (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
5 August 1834 ; Tlapa, Guerrero
Acta de los feligreses y cura de la parroquia de San Marcos (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
5 August 1834 ; San Marcos, Puebla
Acta de los feligreses y cura de la parroquia del Ángel y la Cruz (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
5 August 1834 ; Puebla, Puebla
Pronunciamiento de Jalapa, Coatepec y Teocelo (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
12 August 1834 ; Coatepec, Veracruz
Acta del ayuntamiento de Coatepec (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
13 August 1834 ; Coatepec, Veracruz
Acta del ayuntamiento, milicia cívica y vecinos de San Juan Bautista Acatlán (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
17 August 1834 ; San Juan Bautista Acatlán, Puebla
Pronunciamiento de la jefatura y consejo consultivo de Orizaba (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
20 August 1834 ; Orizaba, Veracruz
Acta de jefes y oficiales de la guarnición de Morelia (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
27 August 1834 ; Morelia, Michoacán
Acta de los vecinos de la villa de Mascota (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
4 September 1834 ; Mascota, Jalisco
Decreto del gobierno del estado de Sinaloa (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
9 September 1834 ; Culiacán, Sinaloa
Acta del ayuntamiento, jefe político, cura, milicia, oficiales retirados y vecinos de Colima (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
21 September 1834 ; Colima, Colima
Proposición del gobierno de Coahuila (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
9 October 1834 ; Monclova, Coahuila
Acta de San Fernando de Guaymas (reactive-cum-proactive, supporting)
21 October 1834 ; San Fernando de Guaymas, Sonora
Plan de Texca (reactive-cum-proactive, opposing)
23 March 1835 ; Texca, Guerrero

Pronunciamiento grievances

National (pro-clerical, pro-constitution, against Congress and Ley del Caso)

Local (against Congress)

Political (pro-clerical, pro-constitution)

Reactive

Personal (in favour of Antonio López de Santa Anna)

Other (Anti-Masonic lodges)

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The Pronunciamiento in Independent Mexico 1821 - 1876

Pronunciamiento participants

Participants with biographies

A (27)

B (10)

C (24)

D (8)

E (4)

F (6)

G (15)

H (6)

I (3)

J (4)

L (6)

M (18)

N (3)

O (9)

P (6)

Q (2)

R (7)

S (4)

T (3)

U (4)

V (6)

Z (2)

Participants without biographies

Unknown (2)

A (527)

B (323)

C (737)

D (173)

E (197)

F (242)

G (561)

H (203)

I (62)

J (93)

K (3)

L (382)

M (706)

N (91)

O (210)

P (448)

Q (45)

R (631)

S (462)

T (227)

U (51)

V (356)

W (9)

X (8)

Y (15)

Z (117)

Acta del pronunciamiento de Cuernavaca

25 May 1834

Region: Morelos

Place: Cuernavaca

Pronunciamiento text