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Manuel G. Cosío, gobernador del estado libre de Zacatecas a sus habitantes

30 March 1835

Region: Zacatecas
Place: Zacatecas

Pronunciamiento text

Manuel G. Cosío, gobernador del Estado libre de Zacatecas a sus habitantes, 30 de marzo de 1835

Sabed:

Que el honorable congreso ha tenido a bien decretar:

Secretaría del honorable congreso del estado libre de Zacatecas

Excmo. Sr.:

En sesión secreta extraordinaria de este día ha tomado un consideración el honorable congreso la exposición que V.E. le ha dirigido por conducto del Sr. secretario de gobierno e impuesto por ella de las circunstancias tan comprometidas en que hoy se ve el estado, invadido su territorio por tropas de la federación, sin saberse el objeto ostensible de sus movimientos, y amagada su soberanía; no ha podido menos, atendiendo a la gravedad del asunto, que obrar según lo dispuesto por el art. 83 de la Constitución expidiendo el decreto siguiente:

Art. 1°. Se faculta al gobierno para que pueda usar de toda la milicia del estado, a fin de repeler cualquiera agresión que contra él se intente.

Art. 2°. Se le faculta igualmente para que pueda disponer de los fondos públicos para el objeto que indica el artículo anterior.

Lo tendrá entendido el gobierno y dispondrá su cumplimiento.

Dado en el salón de sesiones del honorable congreso de Zacatecas, a los treinta días del mes de marzo de mil ochocientos treinta y cinco.

Casimiro Ceños, diputado presidente; Eustaquio Canales, diputado secretario; Carlos Díaz Naredo, diputado secretario.

Y lo comunicamos a V.E. para su inteligencia y fines consiguientes.

Dios y libertad, Zacatecas, marzo 30 de 1835.

Eustaquio Canales, diputado secretario; Carlos Díaz Naredo, diputado secretario.

Excmo., Sr. gobernador del estado

Y para que llegue a noticia de todos y se le de su debido cumplimiento, mando se publique por bando en esta capital, demás ciudades, villas, pueblos y lugares del estado. Zacatecas marzo 31 de 1835.

Manuel G. Cosío

Marcos de Esparza

Context

The constellation of pronunciamientos that were inspired by the Plan of Cuernavaca of 25 May 1834 resulted in the demise of the 1833-34 radical administration. In January 1835, with the men of 1830-32 returned to the corridors of power, President Santa Anna opted to retire to his hacienda in Veracruz leaving Miguel Barragán in charge as acting president. In accordance with these deputies’ traditionalist agenda, the 1835 Congress was determined to strengthen the regular army. It also harboured centralist ambitions which, albeit unspoken, were a so-called “secreto a voces” (i.e. a “voiced secret”; one that everybody knew about even if it was not expressed publicly). On 31 March 1835, Congress passed a bill ordering the discharge of local militias in the country. The government in Zacatecas interpreted the law as confirmation that the centralists in Congress were on their way to overturning the 1824 Constitution. On 30 March, pre-empting the government’s resolution, Francisco García, governor of Zacatecas, raised the standard of revolt, by decreeing that: “the [state] government is awarded the faculty to make use of its civic militia to repulse any aggression that may be attempted against it”. Having returned to Manga de Clavo only three months earlier, Santa Anna nonetheless made his way back to the capital on 9 April on hearing the news of this pronunciamiento. He did not, however, return to Mexico City in order to preside over the Republic, but to acquire permission to quell the rebellion in person. On 18 April 1835 Santa Anna left Mexico City to force Zacatecas into submission. He entered León on the 24th, moved on to Aguascalientes thereafter, and by 7 May 1835, his army was ready for action. Formed into three infantry and one cavalry divisions, it consisted of 172 sappers, 2,000 infantrymen, 1,000 cavalrymen, and 18 pieces of artillery mustered by 140 gunmen. He led his men to the plain of Guadalupe, outside Zacatecas, where, on 10 May, at 9.00 o’clock in the morning, the enemy lines were first seen. Using the cover of night to launch his assault on Guadalupe, the attack commenced at 2.00 a.m. on 11 May. After two hours of combat, Guadalupe and Zacatecas were taken. The government forces had suffered a death toll of around one hundred men. The rebels had been routed. Figures for their casualties were not provided, although Santa Anna noted that 150 officers had been taken prisoner. The 2,443 zacatecanos who surrendered were allowed to go free. Santa Anna did not mention the pillage to which Zacatecas was subjected that day. The troops’ plunder of Zacatecas was brutal, leaving a deep-seated hatred of Santa Anna in the region that would last for the rest of his lifetime.

WF

Notes

AGN: Gobernación, 1835, s/c,caja 5, f.179.

Also in Josefina Zoraida Vázquez (ed.), Planes en la nación mexicana. Libro tres: 1835-1840 (Mexico City: Senado de la República/El Colegio de México, 1987), p. 12.

Transcribed by Natasha Picôt and revised by Will Fowler.

Participants (5):

Signatory role:
Marcos Aldama
Eustaquio Canales
Casimiro Ceños
Carlos Díaz Naredo
Leader and author role:
Manuel G. Cosío

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