The text as we have it is a compilation. The assessement by Clemoes (1974) remains largely accepted, namely that the translation of Gn 1-3, 5.31b, 6-9, and 12-22, of Nm 13-31, and of Ios and Idc derives from the work of Aelfric of Eynsham. The whole of Aelfric's version of Gn 1-24.22 survives in a (very poor) copy in a Cambridge manuscript. Clemoes in fact doubted that the last four words of Nm 13.4 and all of 13.5-17 were Aelfric's work, or Ios 1.1-10 and Ios 12; Marsden (2000) finds the case unproven, except perhaps for Ios 12. The rest of the Heptateuch compilation has traditionally been assigned to a single 'anonymous translator', who may also have been the compiler, but Marsden (2000) has shown, mainly from the evidence of stylistic variation between different parts of the anonymous translation, that at least two translators must have been involved, and perhaps more. The source for the translation is the Vulgate, in two or more different exemplars, to judge from the variant readings used by the translators. There are a few Old Latin contaminations, some probably already in the exemplar(s), others derived from patristic or liturgical sources known to the translators.