El árbol de la ciencia de Pío Baroja
Notes
- Jordaens: Flemish painter (1593 - 1678) - known mostly for his religious and mythological motifs.
- adj. V. albarda gallinera. 2. [adj.]Cetr. Aplícase a las aves de rapiña cebadas en las gallinas.3. m. y f. Persona que trata en gallinas.4. m. Lugar o cobertizo donde las aves de corral se recogen a dormir.5. [m.]Conjunto de gallinas que se crían en una granja o casa.6. [m.]Cesto o cesta donde van encerradas las gallinas que se llevan a vender.7. [m.]fig. desus. Cazuela del teatro.8. [m.]fig. Paraíso del teatro. [DRAE]
- Justus von Liebig (1802 - 73). Professor of Chemistry at Giessen. Did much to introduce laboratory teaching. Greatly improved the methods of organic analysis; notably introduced a method for determining the amount of urea in a solution. This substance is found in blood and urine of mammals and was the first organic compound to be prepared from what were then regarded as inorganic materials. It was of very great physiological importance for it is regularly formed in the animal body in the process of breaking down the nitrogenous substances known as proteins characteristically found in association with all living substances.
- Louis Pasteur (1822-95). The French scientist to whom the supremacy of Microbiology in biological science is most credited. A chemist by training, he began by considering ferments (in grapes), and in milk (lactic acid); Liebeg had considered fermentation as a process of dying, whereas Pasteur realized that fermentation requires living organisms. These studies lead Pasteur to the idea of bacteria (germs carried in the air), a subject of great scientific controversy, touched upon in the rural episode in El árbol where Andrés faces the servant's incomprehension over bacteriology. Pasteur is associated primarily with vaccination, i.e. immunisation against disease-bearing organisms, following the work by Edward Jenner in 1798 on smallpox.
- Berthelot (1827 - 1907), French chemist who,like Pasteur, pioneered organic chemistry.